Modern times culture – scmillhills.com https://scmillhills.com culture Tue, 28 Aug 2018 15:32:09 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.8.12 https://scmillhills.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-scroll-1-32x32.png Modern times culture – scmillhills.com https://scmillhills.com 32 32 The culture of modern times https://scmillhills.com/culture-modern-times/ https://scmillhills.com/culture-modern-times/#respond Tue, 07 Aug 2018 13:37:38 +0000 http://scmillhills.com/?p=2629 XX century. – the newest time in culture. For the XX century. it is characterized by constant progress, it has been outlined in all areas of life. Another characteristic of the XX century. indicator – a constant desire to unite, internationalization. If earlier the culture had more clear and certain national borders, expressed in cultural […]

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XX century. – the newest time in culture. For the XX century. it is characterized by constant progress, it has been outlined in all areas of life.

Another characteristic of the XX century. indicator – a constant desire to unite, internationalization. If earlier the culture had more clear and certain national borders, expressed in cultural differences between different states, then for modern times these borders became less and less strict and distinct. The main reason for such an interethnic association is the scientific and technological revolution, which allowed for closer contact between countries. Of course, this interpenetration of cultures of different states was not always peaceful and peaceful. It is worth remembering the political conflicts that lead to world wars and other confrontations. And, if we follow the course of history, it is clear that the most problematic relations between states were characteristic of the first half of the 20th century. The second half turned out to be more calm and serene, as a result of which the internationalization went much faster and more progressively.

Global changes in people’s lives associated with the transition to a new kind of society – the capitalist, as well as a huge leap in the development of scientific knowledge and other factors could not but affect the culture. As a reaction to these changes – the emergence of new cultural forms.

For example, let’s turn to painting. A number of new, very often completely original forms appeared, such as:

  1. Nabism (from the French nabis – “vices” and from the Hebrew Nabis – “prophet”);
  2. Fauvism (from the French fauve – “wild”);
  3. Cubism (from the French cubisme, from the cube – “cube”).

Nabism originated in Paris around 1890. Its creators were artists Maurice Denis (1870-1943), Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947), and others.

Nabists, based on modernity, combined literary symbolism, musicality of rhythms and decorative generalization of forms.

From 1905 to 1907 there was another trend in painting – Fauvism. It, like Nabism, appeared in France under the influence of such painters as Henri Matisse (1869-1954), Albert Marquet (1875-1947), Georges Rouault (1871-1958), Raoul Dufy (1877-1953), Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958). Fauvism was characterized by a desire for emotionality in the transfer of artistic images, dynamism and color intensity.

In the first quarter of the 20th in France the heyday of cubism begins, which later appeared in other countries. The most famous of his representative – Pablo Picasso (1881-1973). In 1907 he, together with the French painter Georges Braque (1882-1963), created a direction for which it was peculiar to highlight formal experiments, such as three-dimensional shapes on the plane, geometric figures (sphere, cube, cylinder, etc.). For Cubism, a certain analysis is characteristic, that is, the decomposition of complex forms into simpler ones. Picasso, using neutral tones, combining geometric forms in various ways, creates absolutely radical works of art (Queen Isabo, Lady with a Fan (1909), Portrait of A. Vollard (1910), Dryad, Farmer “,” Three Women “(1909-1910 gg.)).

Cubism had two stages of development:

  • analytical (1907-1909);
  • synthetic (since 1913).

The synthetic stage of cubism differs from the analytical by the greater chromaticity of forms, the flat image of objects.

But Picasso did not stand still, he was constantly looking for new forms for expression. As a result, in the early 20-ies he comes to a new direction – surrealism (“Metamorphoses” (1930)).

Surrealism (from the French surrealisme – “superrealism”) chose as the source of artistic images the sphere of the subconscious. The surrealists used instincts, their dreams and hallucinations.

At the initial stage, surrealism served as a reflection of the absurd reality that the post-war world represented. And if you pull the subconscious out, then, according to artists, this way you can improve the world. The largest figure in the world of surreal painting was the Spanish painter Salvador Dali (1904-1989). His works (The Poetry of America (1943), The Portrait of Picasso (1947), The Madonna of the Port of Ligat (1949), The Dream, caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a second before awakening (1944)), “Atomic Leda” (1947), etc.) are distinguished by courage, boundless imagination, virtuosity in performance, as well as a multitude of contradictions and a combination of seemingly incongruous things and objects.

But surrealism touched on other types of art (literature, theater, cinema).

If the transition to the XX century. affected the painting, then he had no noticeable influence on the literature. Literary art continued to develop, but without cardinal changes.

The beginning of the XX century is associated with the emergence of a huge number of talented writers. In France, it is worth noting Marcel Proust (1871-1922), Andrejid (1869-1951), Georges Bernanos (1888-1948), François Mauriac (1885-1970), etc. At this time, the heyday of the French novel, which is becoming more intense, heartbreaking and frank.

In the English and German literature there has been a tendency to follow classical traditions. An example is the works of the English novelist John Galsworthy (1867-1933), the German writer Thomas Mann (1875-1955).

Despite the adherence to classical traditions, in the literature of the XX century. the influence of modernism is very noticeable. This influence can be traced in Marcel Proust’s novel In Search of Lost Time, the works of Austrian writer Franz Kafka (The Process, America, and others), the Irish writer James Joyce (1882-1941) (The Dubliners, Ulysses, “Portrait of an artist in his youth”). Many writers in their works use a new creative principle, characteristic of Western European literature of the early 20th century, a “stream of consciousness.” For the first time this term was used by American philosopher and psychologist William James in his book “Scientific Foundations of Psychology” (1890). This principle is understood as the transfer of processes of psychic life, a kind of “internal monologue.” This makes you believe in your presence in the conditions described by the author when reading the book, to empathize more with the heroes.

The Second World War affected not only people’s lives, but also culture. In philosophy and literature, a new direction emerged: existentialism (from the late-ex. Exsistentia – “existence”). The main theme of existentialism is human existence with its manifestations (fears, cares, consciences, etc.).

Existentialism has two branches:

  1. religious existentialism (German philosopher Karl Jaspers, French philosopher and playwright Gabriel Honore Marcel, etc.);
  2. atheistic existentialism (French writer Jean Paul Sartre, French writer and thinker Albert Camus).

Probably one of the most significant events in the history of culture of the 20th century. – the emergence of a new (“seventh”) art form, cinema. At the initial stage it was a silent movie, but in 1927 the cinema becomes sound. Cinema art cannot be regarded as an isolated art form, because it is a synthesis of literature, theater, music, fine arts, etc. At the initial stage of its existence, the film associates with such names as Renee Claire, Jean Renoir, Jean Cocteau and Marcel Carne. These outstanding French directors made the cinema independent.

The films of the postwar period are primarily the films of Jean Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Roberto Rossellini, Luis Buñuel, Frederico Fellini, and others.

The first two decades after the end of World War II, the troubled cinema of the “new wave” is in the lead. In its place comes the flowering of comedy. There are fantastic films, melodramas, adventures, action films and many other genres. A huge role in the cinema is played by the United States. Hollywood is of particular importance. It was here before the 50’s. was the main part of the American film industry. In the American cinema there is a new national genre – a western. Gradually, the US has become a leader in filmmaking. Here there is the greatest number of films and movie stars. Hollywood is the pioneer of American aesthetics and the standards of mass culture in the United States, whose influence on the rest is enormous.

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Composing Reports https://scmillhills.com/composing-reports/ https://scmillhills.com/composing-reports/#respond Wed, 11 Oct 2017 14:24:49 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=1108 One can say that the writing structure has no strict rules. Nevertheless, you can find general areas, which have to be added here. Information mentioned below reveals several guidelines concerning writing student reports. The primary sections of the format related to standard report writing: Title. In case the report is a brief one, the title […]

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One can say that the writing structure has no strict rules. Nevertheless, you can find general areas, which have to be added here. Information mentioned below reveals several guidelines concerning writing student reports. The primary sections of the format related to standard report writing:

  • Title. In case the report is a brief one, the title page can comprise any information you think is significant like authors and date. When your report is a bit bigger, it would be better to insert definitions of notions and contents.
  • Abstract. Your report has to possess the overview of major points, conclusions, and suggestions. Some individuals will read the abstract skimming the report; therefore, you have to include all the appropriate information together with sources.
  • Introductory paragraph. The report’s first page will need an introductory paragraph. You will give an explanation for your reader regarding the reason why your report has been created. You should provide a definition of terms if you have not added these ones, explaining how the report’s details are organized when being engaged in professional report writing.
  • Main body. Previous parts are being required to be composed in the simple English language, though this section can comprise the industry jargon. Here, it should be present a few sections, each of which with a separate subtitle. Usually, the information in this section is arranged in accordance with importance level together with the most significant facts standing first. As an option, the part “Discussion” can be added to the Main Body section to check findings alongside with their particular importance.
  • Conclusions. It is a place where all information is grouped together. Keep the given section jargon free because the majority of individuals will familiarize themselves with the Summary and Abstract. Now, you almost know how to make report
  • Guidelines. Here, you will have to give explanations concerning your recommendations in the simple English language, putting them in order of precedence.
  • The given part will cover information that professionals will want to familiarize themselves with. It offers the majority of technical details that prove your conclusions.

Guidelines for Successful Composing

Listed below are several guidelines intended for good writing:

  • Keep it simple enough. Usually, do not try to make an impression, but interface. Keep all sentences short and concise. Do not provide too many details unless the situation where it is required. Ensure yourself that all words are appropriate, that these words contribute to the aim of the report. Only in this way, you can become one of the most proficient report writers.
  • Avoid applying passive voice; instead of that, use active voice. Active voice turns the process of writing to be more easy and smooth. For example: Bad customer support reduces repeat business.
  • Correct grammar and right punctuation are very significant elements. Ask someone to proofread your report – it is a good way out. Keep in mind that your PC may not catch all errors, for instance such words as “their, there.”

When you are a student who has got the task to compose the report or you need to compose it for your job, but you do not have time for all these tasks at all thinking “how to order my credit report at some reliable writing companies,” then do not have any doubts and ask for a professional assistance. Remember that real professionals are always ready to perform their duties in the most effective way. Therefore, your task at this stage is to choose a writing company, which provides the most qualitative services. After you have made a choice, try to find out more about any extras and additional services. Do not forget to learn about a number of free revisions in case you do not like the final variant of the paper completed for you. If in contrast you are fully satisfied with the paper, then leave a positive feedback. You can find much more useful information on report writing here: https://pro-papers.com/report-writing-service

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Art Culture of Modern Times https://scmillhills.com/art-culture-of-modern-times/ https://scmillhills.com/art-culture-of-modern-times/#respond Fri, 01 Sep 2017 12:45:10 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=1770 Radical renewal of experience and life values in the modern era inevitably gave birth to new trends in the field of artistic creativity. A new conception of the meaning of artistic activity and new criteria for the beautiful is formed, the ways of artistic creativity, the aesthetic and artistic tastes of people are updated. As […]

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Radical renewal of experience and life values in the modern era inevitably gave birth to new trends in the field of artistic creativity. A new conception of the meaning of artistic activity and new criteria for the beautiful is formed, the ways of artistic creativity, the aesthetic and artistic tastes of people are updated.

As for the whole culture, for the artistic culture of modern times the decisive influence was the influence of the Renaissance. What was generated by the Renaissance was continued in the New Time, but the sequel is not one-line, not one-pointed. In the XVII-XIX centuries, artistic styles such as “classicism”, “baroque”, “romanticism”, “realism”, “rococo”, “sentimentalism” took shape in Europe. Consider only three areas that can be called not just styles with some formal features, but also different ways of thinking, perception of the world, characteristic of the New Time – baroque, classicism and romanticism.

Baroque

XVII century is often called the Baroque (Italian barocco, lit. Strange, quaint). But the art of the 17th century is very diverse, and it is only possible to call it the Baroque century if we understand it broadly – as a fixation of a new worldview in this sense, under baroque, one can understand the general trend towards dynamism. This style continues Renaissance anthropocentrism, but it turns out to be altered, ambivalent and even seemingly questionable. Scientific knowledge expands the boundaries of the world. Earth is not perceived as the center of the universe, the solar system, as it turned out, was not the universe, but only a small part of it. Due to a new vision of the space-time parameters of existence, the concept of a person’s place changes. The change in the picture of the world “put the man’s place in the world into question” (R. Guardini). The Baroque epoch reflects this contradictory position of man: on the one hand, his active position in relation to the world, on the other – the self-awareness of a lonely personality, which felt its insignificance in an endless world.

This contradictory self-awareness of a person manifests itself in a new understanding of the beauty that Baroque offers, which in many respects contradicts the Renaissance. Renaissance beauty was embodied in harmony – the harmony of man and God, man and nature, parts and whole. In the Renaissance and later in classicism, artists found beauty in harmony, clarity, harmony of lines, in the purity of bright, but not beating eyes. In Baroque, another concept of beauty appears, built on a dynamic subordination of elements to the main motive. The lines began to wriggle, the forms became more complicated. In painting, pure color is destroyed by endless transitions of shades, by the constant use of a dark background. In architecture, the linearity of plans, the bends of the walls become a sign of style. The general impression of rapid movement and wealth is supplemented by sculpture, paintings, stucco molding.

This sense of movement, flow ability, changeability captures a new perception of time: the Baroque era no longer thinks in terms of constancy. The personality itself is no longer equal to itself, it is changeable and not omnipotent. But at the same time, in Baroque, with its eternal change, movement, unstable position of a person, a new temporary setting of the person is manifested-an orientation to activity, a transformation as opposed to contemplation. In the art of baroque, the desire of man to subjugate the world is felt. Baroque tries to create a plastic, mobile, but a person-dependent space. It is no accident that the effect of optical illusion is the favorite effect of baroque. Creating an illusion – the creation of a new world, the management of space, light, and the deception of the law of perspective. The architect and sculptor Lorenzo Bernini designed the staircase in the Vatican Palace so much that it seems to be much longer from below, because it narrows below, the vault becomes lower, the columns are smaller and the gaps between them are narrower.

It must be said that these aesthetic principles corresponded to the spirit of the counter-reformation. It opposes reformist currents not with religiosity as such, but with entertainment, luxury, and spectacularity. So in art is too human space, permeated with human sensations of the sensory-material world, even in religious plots there is no way out into another, divine space. In Rubens in many altar compositions, as well as in paintings on the themes of ancient mythology, it is the person, his bodily being that is noticeable. In the famous sculpture of L. Bernini “Ecstasy of St. Therese “is much more” sweet flour “than holiness, piety, much more erotic than mystics.

Nevertheless, despite all the “strangeness”, “irregularity” in the baroque, the aspiration to harmony in the image of the complex contradictory remains. Despite its often noted by the researchers, seemingly explicit opposition to the Renaissance traditions, baroque is their continuation, development. This is most evident in the rich baroque architecture – the flowering of lush, diverse, elegant and, at the same time, powerful architectural forms. Baroque design of the environment, buildings, interiors and now attracts with decorative and grandeur, picturesqueness, unexpected spatial effects in palace and garden ensembles (illusory, alternating green spaces, ponds, grottoes, terraces and stairs). Painting Baroque is marked by the same brilliance, passion, dynamism, spectacular brightness. Baroque expressed the movement of aesthetic and artistic culture to a complex, rich harmony of being, harmony, which included elements of disharmony.

The aspiration of the Renaissance aesthetics to harmony was specifically revealed in the classicism of the 17th-19th centuries. In this classicism (from Latin classicus – exemplary) as the Renaissance declares its orientation to antiquity. In order to embody beauty, in life and in art, it was necessary to study the antique samples and imitating them, taking them as a rule, create works of art, decorate the environment.

Classicism

For classicism, the crown and the top of everything in the world are human reason and reason. Classicism has as its basis the notion of a rational arrangement of the world, of a beautiful, ennobled nature. The artistic thinking of classicism is permeated with the desire for simplicity, clarity, rationality, logicality of the image. The value-normative basis of classicism is the ideal of timeless and eternal beauty, which is expressed in its reasonable organization, the logic of construction.

Since the sphere of state structure and the sphere of moral norms for the epoch of the New Age is certainly the sphere of application of reason, the sphere where man acts not as an animal, but as a rational and educated being, classicism also strives to express civil and moral ideals. These ideals in literature are expressed by the famous conflict of mind of duty and feelings. Dona Jimena in P. Corneille’s play “Sid” is torn between love for Sid and a daughter’s debt, which tells her to take revenge on her father’s killer. Phaedra at Racine is torn between his conjugal duty and criminal passion for his stepchild. However, both the author and both the heroines and the reader know exactly what to prefer.

Art is called upon to organize the world, to promote the education of the individual, the citizen, and therefore it must itself be harmonized with the help of rules, which the artist must obey in his work.

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Classicism https://scmillhills.com/classicism/ https://scmillhills.com/classicism/#respond Wed, 30 Aug 2017 13:59:27 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=1753 The most vivid in Europe of the New Time, classicism manifested itself in absolutist France. There appeared not only great classic playwrights. The architecture with its classical, clear, rationally adjusted, “correct” harmony blossomed extremely powerful. Even the nature surrounding man, the French classicists processed, formalized in accordance with the rules, forming a reasonable-artificial environment. The […]

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The most vivid in Europe of the New Time, classicism manifested itself in absolutist France. There appeared not only great classic playwrights. The architecture with its classical, clear, rationally adjusted, “correct” harmony blossomed extremely powerful. Even the nature surrounding man, the French classicists processed, formalized in accordance with the rules, forming a reasonable-artificial environment. The French (regular) park is an embodied picture of the values of classicism.

The regular park is luxurious. Broad straight alleys go into the distance, shorn trees, and ornamental flower beds on the lawn. Artificiality is not only exposed to the forefront, but necessarily displaces all naturalness. The garden is a special orderly, created world. This kind of order was considered highly desirable and universal. This point of view was reinforced by the fact that people experience pleasure at the sensation of order. The regular composition of the French parks was created on the basis of the principles of proportionality, clarity, strict hierarchy of the main and secondary. Trees and shrubs are used as a building material: they are given shapes of balls, niches, arches, of which bosquet walls are made. The symmetry of the landscape, the predominance of man-made green masses, is the prerequisites. An important element was water – fountains and reservoirs of regular geometric shape.

It is not surprising that the intelligent and called to educate art is welcomed by the Age of Enlightenment. Using its artistic educational means, art should influence the public, forming its aesthetic and artistic tastes, thus creating an aesthetically and artistically enlightened public.

In the expression of A.F. Losev, classicism is a system of little mobile and stable artistic structures that are plastic perfection, romanticism is a system of ever-moving and fuzzy structures that form a restlessly moving infinity.

Romanticism can be called the opposite of classicism as a way of perceiving the world. In general, romanticism is born as a reaction to the Enlightenment. The denial of the Enlightenment is a denial of the reality affirmed by the Enlightenment, or rather, of the reality that, as it turned out, is deeply at variance with the ideals proclaimed by the Enlightenment.

It must be said that it was the philosophy of the Enlightenment that ultimately led to the Great French Revolution. The reality, established as a result, turned out to be mediocre, too prosaic. Romanticism is a protest against this anti-heroic and prosaic reality. L. Teak expressed thoughts that can be attributed to all romantics. He says that it is impossible for man to live in this dry, meager and miserable world, that’s why we need an ideal world where he will find his salvation.

This protest is not born of boredom, but of a heightened sense that good intentions too often turn into the hell of revolutionary terror and wars, and the desire for a rational reorganization of society – by conflicts and the suppression of human individuality. It is characteristic that the pessimism about the consequences of the progress of reason, which became apparent in the representatives of the German philosophy of romanticism (F. Schlegel, Novalis, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin), somehow, was present in the New European civilization and in later times.

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Romanticism https://scmillhills.com/romanticism/ https://scmillhills.com/romanticism/#respond Thu, 24 Aug 2017 21:52:32 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=1732 Romanticism is not only a special direction in art or philosophy, which most clearly manifested itself in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but also a special model of behavior embodied in the figure of a romantic hero. A romantic hero is a person who does not believe in the elimination of a person’s […]

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Romanticism is not only a special direction in art or philosophy, which most clearly manifested itself in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but also a special model of behavior embodied in the figure of a romantic hero.

A romantic hero is a person who does not believe in the elimination of a person’s conflict with the outside world through reasonable activity, and sees salvation in the care of themselves, in the world of their own values.

The ideal world for romantics is art. And the meaning of art is the expression of the artist’s inner world as the only true and opposite to the real world. The truth of the inner world is that the subject here, first of all, is a creative subject, and in his work he imitates the creativity of nature, his works have the same, if not greater significance.

From the division of the world into a coarse reality and ideal, the concept of a romantic duality is born. The desired ideal world can be found in nature, in the inner world, which is determined by intense emotionality, in the national past or, for example, in exotic exoticism. “Algerian Women”, “The Death of Sardanapal” by E. Delacroix.

Romantics are not interested in ordinary people in ordinary circumstances. They are only interested in the unlikely, strange, and terrible. They love wild currents, terrible precipices, and impenetrable forests, storms on the sea, ancient ruined castles, and the last hours of great tyrants.

As romanticism can be called the opposite of classicism, so the English landscape park is something opposite in form and content to the French park. In it is not the imperious subordination of nature to the laws and creative power of reason, but an artfully created illusion of naturalness. The landscape park, as a rule, is full of romantic ruins, mausoleums. The park landscape should convey a melancholy mood or depict the idyllic peace of rural life. It is built on a contrasting change of impressions: dark groves, grottoes are replaced by open lawns. There are almost no straight lines. However, there are no random details in the park; it was completely created by the hands of a man. Water is also made out, but it is not designed in geometric forms, but in a meandering stream, irregularly shaped lakes, and cascades.

The sophistication of gardeners reached such a point that even the sheep that grazed in the meadows were selected according to the color of the wool to create beautiful spots from afar. After all, the English park is designed for a sensitive individual.

It is these three styles that define the New Age: Baroque as the imprint of a new worldview and a new position of man. Classicism as an expression of the reasonableness of the era, the feeling of the omnipotence of the human mind. Romanticism as a search for an integral worldview, a protest against one-dimensional understanding of man, as an expression of doubt in the mind.

Thus, it is possible to single out the strongest and most general trends in the culture of modern times. It is this epoch that rooted faith in the rational principles of the surrounding world and human nature. Not a religious tradition, but reason begins to be regarded as an indisputable authority. At the same time, reason is an instrument for transforming nature, human society and man himself. This idea of the mind says about the emergence in the era of modern times of an active subject, who feels his freedom and independence in.

Naturally, the culture of modern times is more diverse and contradictory. There are various deviations from the “general line” in it. In religious culture this is an interest in mysticism and secret teachings. In art – existence along with “big” styles such as rococo with its grace, sensuality, special frivolity, intimacy, which opposes both strict classicism and tragic romanticism? In politics – absolutism, revolutionary terror in France, violates the rules of political liberalism.

Perhaps, it is this variety of cultural phenomena of the New Age that makes this era meaningfully close to our time. Much in our current culture, in our values, which we call universal, remains from the new temporary past.

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European Culture of Modern Times https://scmillhills.com/european-culture-of-modern-times/ https://scmillhills.com/european-culture-of-modern-times/#respond Mon, 07 Aug 2017 21:18:54 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=1688 The era of the Renaissance and the Reformation marked the crisis of Middle Ages culture and paved the way for a cultural change in Western Europe. The change in the type of culture is fixed by a new picture of the world. It was formed on the basis of the scientific revolution of the 17th […]

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The era of the Renaissance and the Reformation marked the crisis of Middle Ages culture and paved the way for a cultural change in Western Europe.

The change in the type of culture is fixed by a new picture of the world. It was formed on the basis of the scientific revolution of the 17th century, as a result of the intellectual work of Kepler, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton. Unlike the medieval Christian cosmos, created and controlled by God, the modern universe was an impersonal phenomenon. It consisted of material particles that moved in an infinite neutral space in accordance with several basic principles that could be analyzed materially, such as inertia and gravity. In this Universe the Earth rotated around the Sun, the Sun was one star, of which there are countless numbers, and the Earth is one of the planets: neither the Sun nor the Earth was the center of the universe. Both the world of heaven and the world of the earth were subject to the same laws; the former clear distinctions disappeared between them. Since then, God has seen the creator, the supreme mind, infinitely remote from the Universe. The cosmos had its own ontological reality, which the man comprehended on his own. The world was a gigantic mechanism. The connections between objects and essences in him became not divine ordinances, but physical laws. The famous philosopher and mathematician Leibniz (1646-1716) called this idea of the Universe a pre-established harmony, which became a general cultural paradigm of the epoch. The rationalistic idea of harmony was experienced and realized as a regulative principle of creativity: both as the main stimulating stimulus, and as the canon of composition.

This worldview defined the characteristic features of the culture of modern times: deism, scientism, rationalism. Anthropo-and euro centrism were even more firmly established.

And although the study of the organic nature of the Earth in the XIX century. Made its corrections to the scientific (physical) picture of the world – the world, according to Darwin’s evolutionary doctrine took the image of the organism – the characteristic features of the cultural era have been preserved.

Science has separated into an independent field of knowledge and culture. In its importance, science was equal to philosophy and became the main means of conquering nature.

With the help of open universal natural science laws, modern philosophers created models of social order (in the 17th century Hugo Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, Spinoza, in the 18th century Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu) on the basis of natural law and social contract. According to these theories, the state and law are not created by God, but by the social contract of people in accordance with the laws of the human mind. For example, T. Hobbes (1588-1679) wrote that “rivalry in obtaining wealth, honors, command or other power leads to strife, hostility, war, for one competitor goes to achieve his desire by killing, subordinating, displacing or repelling Another. … As long as people live without common power holding all of them in fear, they are in a state called war, namely in the state of war of all against all. To get rid of the pernicious state, people must transfer their rights to the state. Thus, it turned out that in the state and in the international arena, it is not the will of God, not high morals, but the selfish calculation and healthy sense of self-preservation that work.

As the basic means of building a rational society, scientists of the XVIII century. Offered education and upbringing. (Therefore, the XVIII century is usually called the Age of Enlightenment, in turn, the XVII century – the century of rationalism, and the XIX century was a classic age). An ignorant person cannot be free. Reason was declared the supreme judge of everything that exists. The main ideas of educators about human rights and freedoms are reflected in the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen” (1789).

While scientists sang the human mind, there was a rapid differentiation and polarization of European society. The nobility, the peasantry, the bourgeoisie and the proletarians were in the world of their own subcultures with their own values and artistic preferences. The Third Estate resolutely gained strength, becoming the material carrier of rationalism.

Art culture has preserved its high prestige since the Renaissance. New time gave mankind great masters. However, as a result of the differentiation of arts among the artists, universal personalities disappeared. The main artistic trends and styles of this period were in the XVII century. Baroque (architect and sculptor L. Bernini, painter P. Rubens), classicism (artist N. Poussin, writers P. Cornel, J.-B. Molière); In the XVIII century. Appeared the style of rococo (artist O. Fagonar), the artistic flow of sentimentalism (J.-J. Rousseau). In the XIX century. Style drawing has become even more complicated: modernism, romanticism, realism.

The culture of modern times has left masterpieces of musical creativity of Bach, Beethoven, Haydn, Gluck, Liszt, Mozart, and others.

Despite the diversity of events, political, philosophical and scientific views, a variety of artistic trends and styles, the culture of the XVII – early XX century. Was holistic.

The first brick of social being was a new technique (means of production). It defined the face of the capitalist system. Under its dictate, the structure of the population changed: rural – urban; Bourgeois, worker, technical specialist. Under her dictates, the educational qualification grew: in the first half of the 19th century, A system of vocational education has developed, in the second – universal primary education in England, Japan. Industrial production formed national interests, determined domestic and foreign policy: mercantilism and protectionism, trade and colonial wars. Industrial production determined the rhythm of urban life, laid the foundations of business ethics. The development of technology is unthinkable without the development of scientific thought. And science has become the soul and the circulatory system for the material technical body. The successes of their fruitful cooperation gave birth to faith in the all-powerful human mind, the progressive nature of progress.

The culture of modern times was revolutionary in spirit: it changed the system of views on the world, the social structure of society, the political structure of states, personal orientation. In fact, she laid a new social matrix, which gives an orientation to the whole system of socio-cultural relations.

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This is all about Successful Coursework Writing https://scmillhills.com/successful-coursework-writing/ https://scmillhills.com/successful-coursework-writing/#respond Fri, 16 Jun 2017 20:08:36 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=1064 Being successful with composing the coursework project can have a lot of personal components to compare and review. Every single student has his/her own method of completing particular tasks and even how he/she goes about writing procedure. Some students feel that they possess good writing skills, although others understand they need a course work help […]

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Being successful with composing the coursework project can have a lot of personal components to compare and review. Every single student has his/her own method of completing particular tasks and even how he/she goes about writing procedure. Some students feel that they possess good writing skills, although others understand they need a course work help since their particular skills tend to be not so perfect. You have the variety of choices to select that will help you boost your writing capabilities. At the end, a student may feel free to determine own particular attributes and qualities they are contributing to the writing success.

Understanding Strengths and Weaknesses as a Developing Student

The coursework project you take part in more than likely has actually anything related to the job road you wish to take in the future. Numerous graduate students see themselves building a lifetime career or position, which need an important amount of creative writing, critical thinking, and researching. You can work out such aspects through coursework planning, or you have an alternative to consider custom coursework writing option.

In addition, you should have a clear idea on which things you are good at and what has to be improved when you have to complete the written assignment. You have to know the topic well. It means that you need to possess knowledge on it and wish to present facts about it. This aspect is very similar to the reason why you study your selected sphere. Nevertheless, follow the above-mentioned guidelines if you want to finish your public services coursework in the most productive way.

Acknowledging If You Want or Will Benefit from Professional Support

Another aspect of becoming a successful writer your coursework procedure includes understanding when you should get in touch with others if you want advice regarding your task. You can find professional custom writing companies and coursework writers who may help you boost your abilities whenever you obtain writing projects. Some students think they are unable to afford such assistance. However, it is affordable with considering it as the successful investment.

Successful and effective writing needs time to develop when recognizing typical dilemmas and blunders to avoid. Such assistance can help to improve your prospective as a writer when getting additional understanding of personal expectations. Having good relations with other individuals such as your school instructor or colleagues is a very good idea. This may give an idea of exactly how your skills tend to be built in comparison with other people. Do not hesitate and ask for statistic coursework help if you need any.

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Steps to Writing a Thesis Statement https://scmillhills.com/steps-writing-thesis-statement/ https://scmillhills.com/steps-writing-thesis-statement/#respond Wed, 03 May 2017 13:09:01 +0000 http://96.126.127.30/?p=908 What is a Thesis Intended for? A thesis is a thing reflected in the form of sentence, which is in charge of the main idea of a writing project and assists in managing ideas and thoughts within the written task. Such statement may not be considered as a topic. Usually, it depicts a personal viewpoint […]

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What is a Thesis Intended for?

A thesis is a thing reflected in the form of sentence, which is in charge of the main idea of a writing project and assists in managing ideas and thoughts within the written task. Such statement may not be considered as a topic. Usually, it depicts a personal viewpoint of an author or his or her judgment regarding a piece of reading. For example: Tocqueville thought that the domestic role of the majority of women in the USA was the role that provided them with the strongest power, a thought that is a point at issue today.

What can be called as a powerful thesis statement maker?

  • A great thesis directs the written assignment and, at the same time, restricts what you should inform about.  Additionally, it operates to give readers a possibility to see and predict the content of the main body. All phrases have either to explain or argue, or back up the thesis.
  • Powerful thesis demands the supporting facts; it cannot be called a factual statement. At the same time, it is really necessary and important to provide support to the thesis with detailed facts; such information is targeted at motivating the audience to read the paper further.
  • More often than not, it will be helpful to point out several supportive points within the frames of the thesis. Keep in mind the following example: “Trust Me” written by John Updike is a good choice for college or university syllabus since it gives a possibility to readers to be aware of his writing skills and offers motifs, which can be closely connected with other works. The main body can contain a couple of paragraphs dedicated to each supportive thought. In case you produce the similar academic writing thesis statement, remember that it can help monitor your line of reasoning.

Where is a Place for Thesis?

A beneficial way is to place the thesis somewhere at the end of section of introduction. The given approach will permit a writer to prepare readers to it instead of passing directly to the subject. When you are going to place the thesis as the first sentence in the paper, do not forget that it can distract or puzzle readers who have all chances to forget the main idea by the time of reaching to the end. Mind that a successful thesis comprehends and predicts the thesis.

Guidelines for the Processes of Drafting and Writing the Thesis

  • Be aware of your topic. Therefore, it is necessary to know as much as possible concerning the topic. You will meet difficulties and various obstacles if you do not know anything on the topic. When you have some thoughts concerning personal experience of conduct research, it will grant you a possibility to find out more about the topic. In case you think, “Help me write a good thesis statement,” it is a high time to ask for a professional advice or support.
  • Reduce the topic. With the basis on your knowledge and the required size of the paper, narrow down your topic to a peculiar area. As usual, a broad scope will demand writing a longer paper while a shorter paper will be proven by a narrow scope.
  • Brainstorm. In case you experience some troubles when starting the paper or composing the thesis, grab a piece of paper and jot down every though concerning the topic that enters your head. Did you find any brand new connections or thoughts? Consider some generated ideas in order to shape the paper together with thesis.
  • Professional support. Address to professionals in case of need. It can be especially helpful when you constantly think, “write a thesis statement for me.”

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